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Uzaybilimciler, galaksimizin merkezinde var oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen s\u00fcper k\u00fctleli kara deli\u011fin, Einstein\u2019in genel r\u00f6lativite teorisinin \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7ekim \u00f6zelliklerini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini tespit etti.<\/p>\n
Scientific Journal Astronomy ve Astrophisics dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan haber Avrupa G\u00fcney G\u00f6zlem Merkezi (ESO) taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.<\/p>\n
S2 olarak bilinen bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n yerini ve h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 takip eden g\u00f6kbilimciler, Einstein\u2019in \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7ekim teorisini hareket halinde tespit etti.<\/p>\n
Newton\u2019un yer\u00e7ekim kuvvetinin matematiksel tan\u0131m\u0131 250 y\u0131ld\u0131r y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Einstein, y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce uzay ve zaman\u0131 da katarak yer\u00e7ekim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yeniden yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Evrende \u00e7o\u011fu yerde, yer\u00e7ekim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131f oldu\u011fu yerde Newton\u2019un matemati\u011fi ile Einstein\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri galaksiler, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar ve gezegenlerin hareketleri i\u00e7in benzer sonu\u00e7lar verdi.<\/p>\n
Ancak, galaksinin \u00e7ekim g\u00fcc\u00fc artarken iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f aras\u0131nda ince farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Hatta, Einstein yer\u00e7ekim g\u00fcc\u00fc konusundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken Merk\u00fcr\u2019\u00fcn g\u00fcne\u015f etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri oldu\u011funu fark etti.<\/p>\n
Yirmi y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcredir g\u00f6kbilimciler, samanyolu galaksimizin merkezinde bulunup da g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen bir s\u00fcper k\u00fctlenin etraf\u0131ndaki y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerinin \u00e7izimlerini yapt\u0131. Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 hareket halende tutmak i\u00e7in samanyolu galaksisinin merkezinde g\u00fcne\u015fin k\u00fctlesinden d\u00f6rt milyon kez daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fctlenin bulunmas\u0131 gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n
Bu k\u00fctle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir hacimde yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00f6kbilimciler i\u00e7in, b\u00f6yle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir canavar aday\u0131 bir kara delikti. Bu, Einstein\u2019in \u00e7ekim vizyonunun bir sonucu olarak var oldu\u011fu bilinen tamamen i\u00e7e \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f bir k\u00fctle b\u00f6lgesidir.<\/p>\n
Takip edilecek y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/p>\n
Galaksinin merkezindeki y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n hareketinden bir kara deli\u011fin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca, g\u00f6kbilimciler bu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerini takip ederek Einstein\u2019in \u00e7ekim teorisinin imzas\u0131n\u0131 bulup bulamayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 merak etti.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ekim g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde bulunduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7o\u011fu y\u0131ld\u0131z kara delikten takip edilmeyecek kadar uzakt\u0131. Y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerin hem Newton hem de Einsten\u2019a uymas\u0131 gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n
Ancak, S2 y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 \u015fekilde olduk\u00e7a elips bir y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi vard\u0131. Bu y\u0131ld\u0131z, g\u00fcne\u015f sistemindeki Pl\u00fcton\u2019un y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinden \u00fc\u00e7 kat b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00f6r\u00fcngesiyle, her 16 y\u0131lda bir kara deli\u011fe 20 milyar kilometre yak\u0131n bir noktadan ge\u00e7iyordu. Bu galaksi boyutuna g\u00f6re \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir mesafeydi.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6kbilimcilerin, S2 y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde takip etmesi halinde kara deli\u011fe en yak\u0131n yerde Newton ve Einstein\u2019in \u00e7ekim teorilerinin fark\u0131 belirgin olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6kbilimciler bunun i\u00e7in \u015eili\u2019de bir da\u011fda 4 adet 8 metrelik devasa bir teleskobu kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Her bir teleskoptan gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131k, interferometry olarak bilinen bir teknikle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir aynada birle\u015ftirildi. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn istenen seviyede detay elde edecek keskinli\u011fi sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bir g\u00f6kbilimci ekip May\u0131s 2018\u2019de S2 y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n kara deli\u011fe en yak\u0131n ge\u00e7ecek durum i\u00e7in haz\u0131rland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 dalga boylar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikleriyle S2 y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler Doppler kayma tekni\u011fi kullan\u0131larak g\u00f6zlendi.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z kara deli\u011fe yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a Doppler de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri artt\u0131 ve nihayet Newton\u2019un \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcyle uyum g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n
Ancak y\u0131ld\u0131z kara deli\u011fe yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a, h\u0131z\u0131 beklenenden 200 km\/s daha \u00e7ok artt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z kara deli\u011fe en yak\u0131n yerden ge\u00e7erken en y\u00fcksek \u00e7ekim an\u0131nda S2 y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 Einstein\u2019in tahmin etti\u011fi gibi hafif\u00e7e k\u0131zard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu fazladan h\u0131z hareketteki ger\u00e7ek art\u0131\u015ftan dolay\u0131 de\u011fildi. Y\u0131ld\u0131zdan \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131\u015f\u0131k artan \u00e7ekim g\u00fcc\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 koyma durumunda kal\u0131rken ba\u015fka bir etken oyuna girmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Einstein\u2019\u0131n genel r\u00f6lativite teorisine g\u00f6re \u00e7ekim alan\u0131nda uzakla\u015f\u0131rken elektro manyetik radyasyonun dalga boyu uzar. Gravitational redshift denilen bu etkiyi Einstein y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce tespit etmi\u015fti. Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha uzun dalgalara yay\u0131l\u0131r. Daha k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 hale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Bu dalga boyu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, S2 y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n kara deli\u011fe yakla\u015f\u0131p uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman g\u00f6zlendi.<\/p>\n
Bu yeni tespit ile kara delik ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda yeni bir d\u00f6neme girildi\u011fi kabul ediliyor. Einstein\u2019in genel r\u00f6lativite teorisi gittik\u00e7e daha kesin do\u011frulukta test edilmi\u015f olacak.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6kbilimciler, bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerin Einstein\u2019in genel r\u00f6lativite teorisinde sapmalara yol a\u00e7acak do\u011frulukta yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 o zaman kadar Einstein\u2019in teorisi uzay ve zaman teorisinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalmaya devam edece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
UZAYB\u0130L\u0130MC\u0130LER, GALAKS\u0130M\u0130Z\u0130N MERKEZ\u0130NDE VAR OLDU\u011eU D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcN\u00dcLEN S\u00dcPERK\u00dcTLEL\u0130 KARADEL\u0130\u011e\u0130N, E\u0130NSTE\u0130N\u2019\u0130N GENEL R\u00d6LAT\u0130V\u0130TE TEOR\u0130S\u0130N\u0130N \u00d6NG\u00d6RD\u00dc\u011e\u00dc \u00c7EK\u0130M \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130N\u0130 G\u00d6STERD\u0130\u011e\u0130N\u0130 TESP\u0130T ETT\u0130.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[14047,13083,12742,101789,82149,104440,14959,104347,63693,38481],"class_list":["post-1248452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim-teknoloji","tag-kara","tag-bir","tag-cekim","tag-delikten","tag-dogrulandi","tag-einsteinin","tag-gecen","tag-takibiyle","tag-teorisi","tag-yildizin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1248452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1248452"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1248452\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1248452"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1248452"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1248452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}