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KOAH\u2019\u0131n ve ili\u015fkili risk fakt\u00f6rlerinin bilinirli\u011finin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in afi\u015f yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 d\u00fczenlendi.<\/p>\nKOAH\u2019\u0131n ve ili\u015fkili risk fakt\u00f6rlerinin bilinirli\u011finin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in afi\u015f yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 d\u00fczenlendi.<\/p>\n
Girne Amerikan \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen yar\u0131\u015fmada, Asena Akta\u015f isimli \u00f6\u011frenci birinci oldu. GA\u00dc Hem\u015firelik B\u00f6l\u00fcm Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. Hatice S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc, 21 Kas\u0131m D\u00fcnya KOAH g\u00fcn\u00fc ile ilgili yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, g\u00fcn\u00fcn; KOAH hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131ma ve \u00f6nemini kavrama g\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek, bu g\u00fcndeki etkinliklerle KOAH fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rman\u0131n ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Hatice S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc,\u201cKronik Obstr\u00fcktif Akci\u011fer Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (KOAH) zararl\u0131 gaz ve partik\u00fcllere kar\u015f\u0131 havayollar\u0131 ve akci\u011ferin artm\u0131\u015f kronik inflamatuar (iltihab\u0131) yan\u0131t\u0131 ile ili\u015fkili ve genellikle ilerleyici \u00f6zellikteki kal\u0131c\u0131 hava ak\u0131m\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 ile karakterize, yayg\u0131n, \u00f6nlenebilir ve tedavi edilebilir bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda, d\u00fcnya genelinde 3 milyondan fazla ki\u015finin KOAH nedeniyle \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve t\u00fcm \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin %6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n nedeni oldu\u011fu, 40 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fc bireylerde prevalans\u0131n\u0131n %11,7 (8,4-15) oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir. KOAH prevalans\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131ran en \u00f6nemli risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fc sigara duman\u0131d\u0131r. Geli\u015fmi\u015f ve y\u00fcksek gelirli ya\u015fl\u0131 n\u00fcfusa sahip \u00fclkelerde prevelans artmakta olup, 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar y\u0131lda 4,5 milyon insan\u0131n KOAH ve komplikasyonlar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6lece\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir\u201ddedi.<\/p>\n
KOAH i\u00e7in risk fakt\u00f6rleri<\/p>\n
KOAH i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn sigara i\u00e7mek oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc, \u201cKOAH orta ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ya\u015ftaki ki\u015fileri etkiler. olgular\u0131n\u0131n %80-90\u2019\u0131ndan sorumlu-dur. Pipo, nargile gibi di\u011fer t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, marihuana ve pasif sigara i\u00e7icili\u011fi ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde riski artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.Mesleki tozlar: Organik, inorganik tozlar, zehirli kimyasallar ve dumanlara maruziyet riski artt\u0131r\u0131r. \u00c7ift\u00e7i, marangoz, tekstil, temizlik, boyama ve yemek sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar risk alt\u0131ndaki gruplard\u0131r\u201d diyerek bulgular hakk\u0131nda bilgi verdi.<\/p>\n
Belirti ve bulgular<\/p>\n
S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc, \u201cHastalarda en fazla dispne\/solunum g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck ve balgam \u00e7\u0131karma g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Dispne y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde giderek artar, \u00f6nceleri eforla ortaya \u00e7\u0131karken, sonralar\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam aktivitelerini engelleyecek boyuta ula\u015f\u0131r. Dispneyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 aktivite intolerans\u0131, yorgunluk, uyku ve beslenme bozukluklar\u0131, kilo kayb\u0131, depresyon g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Akut ataklar\/alevlenmeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda enfeksiyona ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak balgam miktar\u0131 artar, p\u00fcr\u00fclan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm olabilir. \u00c7o\u011funlukla hastalar k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda s\u0131k solunum yolu enfeksiyonu ge\u00e7irir\u201ddedi.<\/p>\n
Tan\u0131 ve tedavi<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Hatice S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti:<\/p>\n
\u201cKOAH\u2019n\u0131n tan\u0131 ve de\u011ferlendirmesinde spirometri (solunum fonksiyon testleri) gereklidir ve do\u011fru \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 son derece \u00f6nemlidir. KOAH tedavisinde temel ama\u00e7; nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve di\u011fer belirtilerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, alevlenmelerin \u00f6nlenmesi ve tedavisi, akci\u011fer fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n en iyi d\u00fczeyde tutulup, hastan\u0131n ya\u015fam kayb\u0131n\u0131 azaltmakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilerlememesi i\u00e7in en etkili giri\u015fim, en \u00f6nemli risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fc olan sigaran\u0131n b\u0131rakt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Hastan\u0131n, sigaray\u0131 azaltarak de\u011fil birden b\u0131rakmas\u0131 gerekir. Ayr\u0131ca di\u011fer zararl\u0131 toz ve gazlardan, kirli haval\u0131 ortamlardan, solunum yolu enfeksiyonu olan bireylerden uzak durmas\u0131, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011fuk havalarda d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmamas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir. Tedavi, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n alevlenme ve stabil d\u00f6neminde hastan\u0131n gereksinimlerine g\u00f6re belirlendi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek \u201c\u0130la\u00e7 tedavisinde nefes a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 (bronkodilat\u00f6r) ve kortikosteroid ila\u00e7lar inhalasyon\/solunum yoluyla kul-lan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. KOAH hastalar\u0131na, enfluenza\/grip (her y\u0131l ekim-kas\u0131m aylar\u0131nda) ve pn\u00f6mokok a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 uygulanabilir. Pn\u00f6mokok a\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nce Konjuge Pn\u00f6mokok A\u015f\u0131s\u0131 sonra Polisakkarit Pn\u00f6mokok A\u015f\u0131s\u0131 (ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistem bozuklu\u011fu olanlarda en az 8 hafta ara ile, 65 ya\u015f \u00fczeri olanlarda ise 1 y\u0131l sonra) uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. KOAH hastalar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131, hastal\u0131klar\u0131na ra\u011fmen s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeleri, egzersiz kapasitelerini korumalar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bu nedenle hastalar\u0131n rehabilitasyon programlar\u0131na al\u0131narak egzersiz kapasitelerini artt\u0131rmalar\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la, \u00fcst ekstremite egzersizleri, diyafragmatik ve b\u00fcz\u00fck dudak solunum egzersizleri ve gere\u011finde sekresyonlar\u0131n at\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in post\u00fcral drenaj gibi y\u00f6ntemler uygulan\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca hastalar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonhidrat ve bol protein a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131, vitamin ve omega 3 i\u00e7eren bir diyet almal\u0131d\u0131r.”