![](\"http:\/\/www.erzurumflas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/uzmanlardan-dunya-aids-gunu-aciklamasi_d478dab.jpg\")
Ac\u0131badem Eski\u015fehir Hastanesi Enfeksiyon Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Uzman\u0131 Dr. Meltem H\u00fcner, D\u00fcnya AIDS G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019yle ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamada bulundu.<\/p>\nAc\u0131badem Eski\u015fehir Hastanesi Enfeksiyon Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Uzman\u0131 Dr. Meltem H\u00fcner, D\u00fcnya AIDS G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019yle ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamada bulundu.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada 1988 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri her y\u0131l 1 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta D\u00fcnya AIDS G\u00fcn\u00fc ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda d\u00fcnyadaki HIV salg\u0131n\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekilmektedir. Bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi bu g\u00fcnde HIV nedeni ile \u00f6len sevdiklerini hat\u0131rlamak, HIV\u2019li ki\u015filerle dayan\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek, hayatta kalma ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015famay\u0131 kutlamak, HIV ile m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00e7eyi artt\u0131rmak, HIV fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli organizasyonlar yapmakta ve bu g\u00fcne destek verdi\u011fini g\u00f6stermek ad\u0131na sembol olarak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kurdele takmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bununla ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunan Ac\u0131badem Eski\u015fehir Hastanesi Enfeksiyon Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Uzman\u0131 Dr. Meltem H\u00fcner, \u0130nsan \u0130mm\u00fcn Yetmezlik Vir\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (HIV) ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini hedef alarak enfeksiyonlar ve baz\u0131 kanser t\u00fcrlerine kar\u015f\u0131 insanlar\u0131n savunma sistemlerini zay\u0131flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve enfekte bireylerin 2-15 y\u0131lda imm\u00fcn yetmezlikli hale geldi\u011fini, bu duruma da \u201cKazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u0130mm\u00fcnyetmezlik Sendromu (AIDS)\u201d dendi\u011fini kaydetti.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u0130mm\u00fcn yetmezlik, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin sava\u015fabildi\u011fi enfeksiyon ve hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 art\u0131k sava\u015famaz hale gelmesi demektir\u201d diyen H\u00fcner, \u201cHIV vir\u00fcs\u00fc bula\u015fan ki\u015filer bula\u015ftan sonraki ilk birka\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde en bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerinde olsalar da, bir\u00e7o\u011fu ileri a\u015famalara kadar hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda de\u011fillerdir. Enfeksiyonun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndaki ilk birka\u00e7 hafta hi\u00e7 belirti g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyebilir ya da ate\u015f, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc veya bo\u011faz a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere grip benzeri hastal\u0131k belirtileri g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Enfeksiyon ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini zay\u0131flatt\u0131k\u00e7a, \u015fi\u015fmi\u015f lenf bezleri, kilo kayb\u0131, ate\u015f, ishal ve \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck gibi di\u011fer belirti ve bulgular geli\u015febilir. Tedavi edilmezse t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz, kriptokokal menenjit, lenfomalar ve kaposi sarkom gibi kanserler ve di\u011fer ciddi hastal\u0131klar geli\u015febilir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
\u201cSIRADAN G\u00dcNL\u00dcK TEMASLARLA BULA\u015eMAZ\u201d<\/p>\n
Dr. H\u00fcner, HIV\u2019in kan, anne s\u00fct\u00fc, meni ve vajina sekresyonlar\u0131 ile bula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6p\u00fc\u015fme, sar\u0131lma, tokala\u015fma, su, yiyecek veya ki\u015fisel e\u015fyalar\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi s\u0131radan g\u00fcnl\u00fck temaslar ile bula\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatarak, HIV bula\u015f riskini artt\u0131ran davran\u0131\u015f ve ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralad\u0131:<\/p>\n
\u201cKorunmas\u0131z anal veya vajinal seks, frengi, herpes, klamidya, gonore ve bakteriyel vajinozis gibi di\u011fer bir cinsel yolla bula\u015fan enfeksiyonun olmas\u0131, damar i\u00e7i uyu\u015fturucu kullananlar taraf\u0131ndan kontamine i\u011fne, \u015f\u0131r\u0131nga ve ila\u00e7 sol\u00fcsyonlar\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, g\u00fcvensiz enjeksiyonlar, kan transf\u00fczyonlar\u0131, steril olmayan kesici veya delici (piersing) i\u00e7eren t\u0131bbi prosed\u00fcrlere maruz kal\u0131nmas\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen i\u011fne yaralanmalar\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cHATALI TEST VEYA RAPORLAMA \u0130HT\u0130MALLER\u0130N\u0130 EKARTE ETMEK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N TEKRAR TEST YAPTIRMALIDIRLAR\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201chatal\u0131 test veya raporlama ihtimallerini ekarte etmek i\u00e7in tekrar test yapt\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131rlar\u201d ifadelerini de kullanan H\u00fcner, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti:<\/p>\n
\u201cH\u0131zl\u0131 tan\u0131 testleri veya enzim immunoassay (EIAs) gibi serolojik testler, HIV-1\/2\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 antikorlar ve\/veya HIV p24 antijen varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da yoklu\u011funu tespit ederler. \u00c7o\u011fu ki\u015fi 28 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde, HIV-1\/2 antikorlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirir ve bu nedenle bu s\u00fcreden \u00f6nce antikorlar tespit edilemeyebilir, bu d\u00f6neme pencere d\u00f6nemi denir. Bu erken d\u00f6nem enfeksiyon bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en fazla oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemdir, bununla birlikte HIV bula\u015f\u0131 enfeksiyonun her d\u00f6neminde olabilir. \u0130lk olarak HIV pozitif tan\u0131s\u0131 alan ki\u015filer, hatal\u0131 test veya raporlama ihtimallerini ekarte etmek i\u00e7in tekrar test yapt\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131rlar.\u201d<\/p>\n
HIV ENFEKS\u0130YONUNUN \u00d6NLENMES\u0130 \u0130\u00c7\u0130N TEMEL YAKLA\u015eIMLAR<\/p>\n
HIV enfeksiyonunun \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in temel yakla\u015f\u0131mlardan da bahseden H\u00fcner, \u201cKondomu kullan\u0131m\u0131, vajinal veya anal penetrasyon s\u0131ras\u0131nda prezervatif kullan\u0131m\u0131 HIV dahil cinsel yolla bula\u015fan enfeksiyonlara kar\u015f\u0131 korunma sa\u011flar. Latex prezervatiflerin HIV ve di\u011fer cinsel yolla bula\u015fan hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fczde 85 ve \u00fczerinde koruyuculuk sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. HIV ve cinsel yolla bula\u015fan hastal\u0131klar i\u00e7in test yapt\u0131rmak ve dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k almak, risk fakt\u00f6rlerinin herhangi birine maruz kalan herkese HIV ve di\u011fer cinsel yolla bula\u015fan hastal\u0131klar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan test yapt\u0131rmalar\u0131, gecikmeden \u00f6nlem ve tedavi hizmetlerine ula\u015fabilmeleri \u015fiddetle \u00f6nerilmektedir. D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (DS\u00d6) \u00e7iftlerin partnerlerinin de test yapt\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermektedir. Erkeklerin g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak s\u00fcnnet olmalar\u0131, s\u00fcnnet erkeklere heteroseks\u00fcel yolla HIV bula\u015f riskini y\u00fczde 60 oran\u0131nda azaltmaktad\u0131r. Damar i\u00e7i uyu\u015fturucu kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131nda bula\u015f\u0131 azaltmak, her enjeksiyon s\u0131ras\u0131nda steril i\u011fne ve \u015f\u0131r\u0131nga kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 HIV bula\u015f\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilir. Bununla birlikte opioid ve di\u011fer uyu\u015fturucu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tedavisi, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131lar i\u00e7in opioid ikame tedavisi uygulamalar\u0131 da y\u00f6ntemler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Enfeksiyonun \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in antiretroviral tedavi kullanmak, etkili bir antiretroviral tedavi alan HIV ile enfekte bir ki\u015finin HIV ile enfekte olmayan cinsel partnerine HIV bula\u015ft\u0131rma riski y\u00fczde 96 oran\u0131nda azalmaktad\u0131r. HIV negatif partnerin temas \u00f6ncesi profilaksisi, HIV ile enfekte olmayan ve HIV bula\u015f riski olan bireylerin HIV bula\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in antiretroviral ila\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak kullanmas\u0131d\u0131r. DS\u00d6 taraf\u0131ndan HIV bula\u015f riski olan ve \u00f6zellikle HIV ile enfekte cinsel partneri olan HIV negatif ki\u015filer, homoseks\u00fcel erkekler, transeks\u00fcel kad\u0131nlar, y\u00fcksek riskli heteroseks\u00fcel \u00e7iftler, damar yolu ile uyu\u015fturucu kullanan ki\u015filere temas \u00f6ncesi profilaksi kullanmalar\u0131 \u00f6nerilmektedir. Temas sonras\u0131 profilaksi, HIV enfeksiyonunun \u00f6nlenebilmesi i\u00e7in temas sonras\u0131ndaki ilk 72 saat i\u00e7erisinde antiretroviral ila\u00e7lar\u0131n ba\u015flanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde HIV testi yap\u0131lmas\u0131, antiretroviral ila\u00e7lar\u0131n 28 g\u00fcn s\u00fcre ile yan etkileri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan takip edilerek kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131 gerekmekte olup bunlar i\u00e7in doktora ba\u015fvurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Aral\u0131k 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00fcncellenen DS\u00d6 k\u0131lavuzlar\u0131nda, \u00e7ocuklar ve yeti\u015fkinlere mesleki veya mesleki olmayan HIV maruziyetleri sonras\u0131nda temas sonras\u0131 profilaksi \u00f6nerilmektedir. HIV\u2019li anneden bebe\u011fe HIV bula\u015f\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, HIV\u2019li annenin bebe\u011fine hamilelik, do\u011fum ve emzirme d\u00f6nemlerinde HIV bula\u015ft\u0131rma ihtimali y\u00fczde 15-45\u2019dir. DS\u00d6 HIV\u2019li anneden bebe\u011fine HIV bula\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenebilmesi i\u00e7in annenin hamilelik, do\u011fum s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve do\u011fum sonras\u0131nda hayat boyu ve bebe\u011fin do\u011fum sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde antiretroviral tedavi kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermektedir. B\u00f6ylece anneden bebe\u011fe bula\u015f riski y\u00fczde 5\u2019in alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclebilir\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
DS\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn, 15 Eyl\u00fcl 2015 itibar\u0131 ile HIV tan\u0131s\u0131 koyulan herkese en k\u0131sa zamanda antiretroviral tedavi ba\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerdi\u011fi de bildirildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ACIBADEM ESK\u0130\u015eEH\u0130R HASTANES\u0130 ENFEKS\u0130YON HASTALIKLARI VE KL\u0130N\u0130K M\u0130KROB\u0130YOLOJ\u0130 UZMANI DR. MELTEM H\u00dcNER, D\u00dcNYA A\u0130DS G\u00dcN\u00dc\u2019YLE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 A\u00c7IKLAMADA BULUNDU.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,20],"tags":[23908,13843,10767,12510,14924],"class_list":["post-170320","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saglik","category-turkiye","tag-dunya","tag-aciklamasi","tag-aids","tag-gunu","tag-uzmanlardan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170320","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=170320"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170320\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=170320"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=170320"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.erzhaber.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=170320"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}